
@article {PanChe13A,
	title = {Hardware Architecture for Video Authentication using Sensor Pattern Noise},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (TCSVT)},
	volume = {24},
	number = {1},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {157-167},
	abstract = {Digital camera identification can be accomplished based on sensor pattern noise which is unique to a device and serves as a distinct identification fingerprint. Camera identification and authentication has formed the basis of image / video forensics in legal proceedings. Unfortunately, real-time video source identification is a computationally heavy task, and does not scale well to conventional software implementations on typical embedded devices. In this paper, we propose a hardware architecture for source identification in networked cameras. The underlying algorithms, an orthogonal forward and inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) based Estimation have been optimized for 2D frame sequences in terms of area and throughput performance. We exploit parallelism, pipelining and hardware reuse techniques to minimize hardware resource utilization and increase the achievable throughput of the design. A prototype implementation on a Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA device was optimized with a resulting throughput of 167 MBps, processing 30 640 {\texttimes} 480 video frames in 0.17 second.},
	author = {Amit Pande and Shaxun Chen and Prasant Mohapatra and Joseph Zambreno}
}
